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Measure was developed with the indent of directly measuring influential protective factors which contribute to resilience. Also, was designed in response to limitations of existing tools such as: lack of adult oriented questions, inadequate attention to social supports.
Measure is used to identify the strength of protective factors in individuals, as identified in resilience research.
Adults. Measure has been found to be inappropriate for use in adolescents at this time (see Ahern, 2006 in key references for more information).
Additional information to inform measure use
Measure has been heavily validated on Norwegian samples, but has also been found effective in a french-speaking Belgian sample and in an Iranian sample.
The norms, reliability and validity statistics included in each measure profile are those reported by the author(s) of the measure. It is important to note that altering, adding or removing questions from a measure voids these reported statistics, possibly making the revised tool unreliable and invalid.
349 students at the University of Tromsø aged 19-50. Sample consisted of 206 women and 109 men; 34 participants did not report gender.
Original: Authors report internal consistency reliabilities (alphas) ranging from .67-.90 for the subscales. Authors also report test-retest reliabilities ranging from .69-.84.
Revised: Authors report a total measure internal consistency reliability (alpha) of .89 and a range of .67-.86 for the subscales.
Revised: authors report evidence of construct validity and concurrent validity.
No copy available from the Knowledge Institute. Contact author or publisher.
Odin Hjemdal Department of Psychology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway. E-mail: odin.hjemdal@svt.ntnu.no
Not at this time
Ahern, N.R., Kiehl, E.M., Sole, M.L. & Byers, J. (2006). A review of instruments measuring resilience. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 29, 103-125.
Capanna, C., Stratta, P., Hjemdal, O., Collazzoni, A. & Rossi., A. (2015). The Italian validation study of the Resilience Scale for Adults, 272 (63), 16-24.
Friborg, O., Barlaug, D., Martinussen, M., Rosenvinge, J.H. & Hjemdal, O. (2005). Resilience in relation to personality and intelligence. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 14(1), 29-42.
Friborg, O., Hjemdal, O., Rosenvinge, J.H., & Martinussen, M. (2003). A new rating scale for adult resilience: What are the central protective resources behind healthy adjustment? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 12(2), 65-76.
Friborg, O., Martinussen, M. & Rosenvinge, J.H. (2006). Likert-based vs. semantic differential-based scorings of positive psychological constructs: A psychometric comparison of two versions of a scale measuring resilience. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 873-884.
Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Braun, S., Kempenaers, C., Linkowski, P. & Fossion, P. (2011). The resilience scale for adults: Construct validity and measurement in a Belgian sample. International Journal of Testing, 11, 53-70.
Hjemdal, O., Friborg, O., Martinussen, M., & Rosenvinge, J. H. (2001) Preliminary results from the development and validation of a Norwegian scale for measuring adult resilience. [Norwegian]. Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 38, 310-317.
Jowkar, B., Friborg, O. & Hjemdal, O. (2010). Cross-cultural validation of the resilience scale for adults (RSA) in Iran. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 418-425.
